<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:2.2500pt;margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-bottom:0.0000pt; margin-left:-21.8000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-line-height-alt:12pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">碳纳米管又名巴基管，可看作由若干层石墨片沿同一轴线卷绕形成的空心管状结构。单壁碳纳米管管壁由一层碳原子组成，直径在</font>1 - 2nm<font face="宋体">，是碳纳米管的极限形式；多壁碳纳米管由几个到几十个单壁碳纳米管同轴构成。</font></span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:2.2500pt;margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-bottom:0.0000pt; margin-left:-21.8000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-line-height-alt:12pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">碳纳米管的原料是碳元素，具体来源包括以下几种：</font></span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:2.2500pt;margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-bottom:0.0000pt; margin-left:-21.8000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-line-height-alt:12pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">1. <font face="宋体">碳源气体</font></span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:2.2500pt;margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-bottom:0.0000pt; margin-left:-21.8000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-line-height-alt:12pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">主要原料：</font></span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:2.2500pt;margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-bottom:0.0000pt; margin-left:-21.8000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-line-height-alt:12pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">一氧化碳（</font>CO<font face="宋体">）：通过化学气相沉积（</font><font face="Calibri">CVD</font><font face="宋体">）法，在高温下分解生成碳纳米管。</font></span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:2.2500pt;margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-bottom:0.0000pt; margin-left:-21.8000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-line-height-alt:12pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">乙烯（</font>C₂H₄<font face="宋体">）：在催化剂作用下裂解为碳原子，形成碳纳米管。</font></span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:2.2500pt;margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-bottom:0.0000pt; margin-left:-21.8000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-line-height-alt:12pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">乙炔（</font>C₂H₂<font face="宋体">）：与乙烯类似，但反应活性更高，常用于制备高纯度碳纳米管。</font></span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:2.2500pt;margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-bottom:0.0000pt; margin-left:-21.8000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-line-height-alt:12pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">甲烷（</font>CH₄<font face="宋体">）：通过热解或等离子体增强化学气相沉积（</font><font face="Calibri">PECVD</font><font face="宋体">）法制备。</font></span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:2.2500pt;margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-bottom:0.0000pt; margin-left:-21.8000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-line-height-alt:12pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">2. <font face="宋体">碳氢化合物</font></span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:2.2500pt;margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-bottom:0.0000pt; margin-left:-21.8000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-line-height-alt:12pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">液态碳源：</font></span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:2.2500pt;margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-bottom:0.0000pt; margin-left:-21.8000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-line-height-alt:12pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">甲苯（</font>C₇H₈<font face="宋体">）：在高温下分解为碳原子，沉积在催化剂表面形成碳纳米管。</font></span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:2.2500pt;margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-bottom:0.0000pt; margin-left:-21.8000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-line-height-alt:12pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">乙醇（</font>C₂H₅OH<font face="宋体">）：通过气化后参与</font><font face="Calibri">CVD</font><font face="宋体">反应，生成碳纳米管。</font></span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:2.2500pt;margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-bottom:0.0000pt; margin-left:-21.8000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-line-height-alt:12pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">固态碳源：</font></span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:2.2500pt;margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-bottom:0.0000pt; margin-left:-21.8000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-line-height-alt:12pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">石墨：通过激光烧蚀或电弧放电法，将石墨转化为碳纳米管。</font></span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:2.2500pt;margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-bottom:0.0000pt; margin-left:-21.8000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-line-height-alt:12pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">碳黑：作为碳源时，需通过高温处理使其气化，参与碳纳米管的生长。</font></span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:2.2500pt;margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-bottom:0.0000pt; margin-left:-21.8000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-line-height-alt:12pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">3. <font face="宋体">其他碳源</font></span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:2.2500pt;margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-bottom:0.0000pt; margin-left:-21.8000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-line-height-alt:12pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">聚合物：</font></span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:2.2500pt;margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-bottom:0.0000pt; margin-left:-21.8000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-line-height-alt:12pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">聚丙烯腈（</font>PAN<font face="宋体">）：通过热解法，在高温下分解为碳纳米管。</font></span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:2.2500pt;margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-bottom:0.0000pt; margin-left:-21.8000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-line-height-alt:12pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">酚醛树脂：作为前驱体，在惰性气氛中碳化生成碳纳米管。</font></span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:2.2500pt;margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-bottom:0.0000pt; margin-left:-21.8000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-line-height-alt:12pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">生物质：</font></span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:2.2500pt;margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-bottom:0.0000pt; margin-left:-21.8000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-line-height-alt:12pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">蔗糖、纤维素：通过水热碳化或热解法，转化为碳纳米管。</font></span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:2.2500pt;margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-bottom:0.0000pt; margin-left:-21.8000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-line-height-alt:12pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">碳纳米管制备方法与原料的关系</font></span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:2.2500pt;margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-bottom:0.0000pt; margin-left:-21.8000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-line-height-alt:12pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">化学气相沉积（</font>CVD<font face="宋体">）：</font></span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:2.2500pt;margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-bottom:0.0000pt; margin-left:-21.8000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-line-height-alt:12pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">原料：</font>CO<font face="宋体">、乙烯、乙炔、甲烷等气体。</font></span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:2.2500pt;margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-bottom:0.0000pt; margin-left:-21.8000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-line-height-alt:12pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">特点：可控制碳纳米管的直径、长度和手性。</font></span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:2.2500pt;margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-bottom:0.0000pt; margin-left:-21.8000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-line-height-alt:12pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">电弧放电法：</font></span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:2.2500pt;margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-bottom:0.0000pt; margin-left:-21.8000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-line-height-alt:12pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">原料：石墨电极。</font></span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:2.2500pt;margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-bottom:0.0000pt; margin-left:-21.8000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-line-height-alt:12pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">特点：制备的碳纳米管纯度高，但产量较低。</font></span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:2.2500pt;margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-bottom:0.0000pt; margin-left:-21.8000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-line-height-alt:12pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">激光烧蚀法：</font></span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:2.2500pt;margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-bottom:0.0000pt; margin-left:-21.8000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-line-height-alt:12pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">原料：石墨靶材。</font></span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:2.2500pt;margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-bottom:0.0000pt; margin-left:-21.8000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-line-height-alt:12pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">特点：可制备单壁碳纳米管，但成本较高。</font></span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:2.2500pt;margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-bottom:0.0000pt; margin-left:-21.8000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-line-height-alt:12pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">&nbsp;</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:2.2500pt;margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-bottom:0.0000pt; margin-left:-21.8000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-line-height-alt:12pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">结构特性：</font></span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:2.2500pt;margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-bottom:0.0000pt; margin-left:-21.8000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-line-height-alt:12pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">碳原子排列：主要由呈六边形排列的碳原子构成数层到数十层的同轴圆管，层与层之间保持固定距离，约</font>0.34nm<font face="宋体">，直径一般为</font><font face="Calibri">2 - 20nm</font><font face="宋体">。</font></span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:2.2500pt;margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-bottom:0.0000pt; margin-left:-21.8000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-line-height-alt:12pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">手性分类：根据碳六边形沿轴向的不同取向，可分为锯齿形、扶手椅型和螺旋型三种。其中螺旋型碳纳米管具有手性，而锯齿形和扶手椅型碳纳米管没有手性。</font></span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:2.2500pt;margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-bottom:0.0000pt; margin-left:-21.8000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-line-height-alt:12pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">电子特性：不同类型的碳纳米管电子能带结构不同，可分为金属型和半导体型纳米管。单壁碳纳米管根据卷曲方式不同，可具有良好的金属导电性和半导体特性。</font></span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>